The Crucial Role of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) are the fundamental components of any medication responsible for its intended therapeutic effect. Often referred to as the “active substance” or “bulk drug,” the API is the biologically active molecule within a final pharmaceutical formulation (like a tablet, capsule, injection, or cream) that interacts with the body to …

The broad therapeutic range of medicinal plant extracts positions them as essential elements in both contemporary and traditional medical practices. The bioactivity profile of these extracts includes antioxidant effects along with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory capabilities while also offering cardiovascular protection and antimicrobial and anticancer benefits. Antioxidant PropertiesThe process of oxidative stress functions as a major factor in both aging mechanisms …

Assembly principle of chloroplast protein transporters Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant and algal cells that use photosynthesis to transform light energy into chemical energy. Chloroplasts, being a distinct organelle surrounded by two membranes, have their own genome, and their expression is closely coordinated with that of the nuclear genome. A tiny percentage (50-200) of chloroplast proteins are encoded by …